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Objective@#To understand the willingness and associated factors with novel coronavirus vaccination (‘COVID-19 vaccination’) among parents of primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District of Beijing, and to provide reference for studying the feasibility of COVID-19 vaccination among students.@*Methods@#Multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was conducted to select 3 026 parents of students in Tongzhou District. An online questionnaire survey was conducted to compare the willingness of COVID-19 vaccination by different characteristics. Multivariate Logistic regression model was conducted to analyze associated factors of COVID-19 vaccination.@*Results@#About 65.40% of parents were willing to vaccinate their children. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that parets from rural areas, who had daughters, children in good health, who direct participated in the prevention and control, and those whose child had received vaccines at their own cost are more positive with COVID-19 vaccination of children(OR=1.17, 1.33, 0.64, 1.32, 1.47, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Parents of primary and secondary schools in Tongzhou District have a low willingness to vaccinate their children with COVID-19 vaccine. The propaganda of the government authorities and the official media should be strengthened, and the vaccination rate should be improved through the recommendation of medical personnel.
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Objective To identify the critical indicators of nursing practice environment in China, as a reference for related studies. Methods Descriptive systematic review was used to retrieve literature of nursing practice environment, collect all potential indicators and design questionnaires based on those indicators. In the end, 39 potential indicators were identified, for a questionnaire survey of nurses from cooperating medical institutions in 30 provinces in China, with the data subject to statistical analysis in multiple linear regression model. Results Questionnaire items of higher mean score were usually found with a smaller 95% confidence interval, while coefficient of variation tended to be lower. Seventeen indicators were recommended as key indicators for nursing practice environment in China, including proper working hours and intensity, opportunities for nurses to participate in hospital management, good working relationship with doctors within a department,nursing managers′support for nurses′right decisions. The remaining components turned out to be insignificant in the analysis. Conclusions The influencing factors for the nursing practice environment in China are different from other countries. In this consideration, nursing managers should further explore and focus on such special indicators, and proactively improve the quality of nursing practice environment for better nursing service.
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Objective:To study the association of air pollution with health service demand of the elderly and middle-age patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and to provide a scientific ba-sis for development of environmental protection policy and health service policy of the Chinese govern-ment.Methods:This study included survey data on self-evaluated health,outpatient service demand and inpatient service demand of the patients with hypertension,heart disease and stroke in 62 cities of 1 7 provinces from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in 201 1 and 201 3,and com-bined it with the data on the annual concentrations of inhalable particulate matter(PM1 0 ),sulfur dioxide (SO2 )and nitrogen dioxide(NO2 )of those provinces and cities.Conditional Logistic regression was car-ried out to assess the possible effects of air pollutants on self-evaluated health and health service utiliza-tion.Results:The results showed that turning points existed in the effects of concentrations of NO2 and SO2 on the health service demand of the patients with hypertension,heart disease and stroke.The inpa-tient service demand of the hypertension patients increased with NO2 concentration when it was lower than 35.1 μg/m3 and decreased with NO2 concentration for higher value.Self-evaluated health of the patients with heart disease and stroke decreased with SO2 concentration when it was lower than 63.8 μg/m3 and increased with SO2 concentration for higher value.In addition,no evidence was found for the association between PM1 0 and health service demand.Conclusion:Air pollution may have effects on health service demand of the patients with hypertension,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and different air pollutants at high or low concentration may have different health effects.
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Objective:To explore the association between different urbanization levels and non-commu-nicable diseases (NCDs)in China and provide suggestions on designing relevant health policies in the ur-banization process.Methods:We obtained health-related data from China Health and Retirement Longi-tudinal Study (CHARLS)201 1 .This study used multistage sampling in design stage and covered 1 50 districts/counties,representative at the levels of the country.Geo-information system (GIS)method was used to get district areas data,and in combination with the Sixth National Census population data,we computed the population density which was regarded as the proxy variable of urbanization level in every city.The Logistic model was used to explore the effect of urbanization level on hypertension,diabetes, smoking,drinking,overweight and obesity.Results:Compared with other cities in China,Shanghai and Shenzhen,with the population density of more than 3 000 people per km2 ,were the cities with highest urbanization level.From the map of urbanization distribution across China,it was found that the urbani-zation levels of the northwestern districts were lower than those of the southeastern and coastal districts. The hypertension rate increased with the development of urbanization but there was no statistical signifi-cance.The proportion of patients with diabetes went up first and then saw a decrease trend in the process of urbanization.Drinking rate,overweight rate and obesity rate had similar trends,falling to their lowest point when urbanization level equaled 737,1 1 86 and 1 353 people per km2 respectively and then ex-perienced upward trends.By contrast,smoking rate declined first and then went up (the turning point was 1 029 people per km2 ).Conclusion:Different urbanization levels have different effects on NCDs, health-related behavior,overweight and obesity.Low urbanization level may create negative impact on health while high level can pose positive effect and increase people’s health condition possibly due to the improvement of health care accessibility and the quality of living environment.Policy-makers should spe-cially focus on different residents’health problems in different periods of urbanization,such as the impact of environmental pollution,health resources’allocation and accessibility of health services.It is necessa-ry to reduce or avoid the negative effect of urbanization on NCDs during the local development process to face the NCDs’threat.
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Eggwhitesolutionswereusedas“pendingtemplates”topreparemolecularimprintedpolymers. The obtained polymers acted as stationary phases, exhibiting abilities to deplete abundant proteins in the egg white. The abilities of protein depletion of the imprinted polymers could be adjusted by using different concentrations of egg white in preparing the polymers. After chromatographically processed in a home-made syringe system, abundant proteins such as ovalbumin, lysozyme, and ovotransferrin were removed from egg white sample solutions. Along with the disappearance of the mass spectrum peaks of these proteins, the signals of other components became more obvious. Meanwhile according to reference data and molecular weights, they were reasonably ascribed to be ovalbumin-related proteins, ovotransferrin-related proteins, ovomucoids or flavoproteins respectively. Conclusively, pending imprinting method has the power to deplete abundant proteins, and to retain and enrich posttranslationally modified species at the same time.
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Objective To compare the analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine and propofol on patients with coronary heart disease undergoing noncardiac surgery.Methods 86 patients in our hospital from Sep 2009 to Sep 2011 aged 55-76 years weighing 42-60 kg,who were scheduled for epidural anesthesia in routine,were randomly assigned to 2 groups:dexmedtomidine (Dex) group and propofol group (n=43,each).Visual analogue scale/score (VAS) analgesia score and ramsay sedation score were used to observe the analgesic effect after surgery.Serum concentration of cortisol,insulin and glucose were observed and compared between Dex and propofol group before and 4,24,48h after surgery.Patient satisfaction was surveyed.Results The analgesic effect evaluated by VAS and Ramsay scores was better in Dex group than in propofol group at different time after surgery (t=5.368,2.262,7.147,5.881,7.861,4.810,all P＜0.05).Serum concentrations of cortisol,insulin and glucose were lower in Dex group than in propofol group before and 4,24,48 h after surgery (t=3.076,2.042,4.090,all P＜0.05).The satisfaction rate was 93.0％ (40/43) in Dex group.Conclusions Dexmedetomidine has a better analgesic effect than propofol,and it is safe and feasible for patients with coronary heart disease undergoing noncardiac surgery.
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Objective To evaluate the protective effects and mechanism of levocarnitine preconditioning (LCN) on myocardial is-chemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass .Methods 60 cases of ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ degree and NYHAⅡ or Ⅲ degree patients who aged 25 ~ 57 years old ,undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass with elective cardiac valve replacement were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 30 each) :group C (treated with 0 .9% sodium chloride) and group L (treated with LCN) .Group L was infused levocarnitine 50 mg/kg per 1 day at the beginning of 7 days before operation ,group C was given the same amount of 0 .9% sodium chloride .Blood samples were taken from central vein at 5 min after the induction the level of anesthe-sia (T0 ,baseline) ,5 min before aortic cross-clamping (T1) ,30 min after release of the aortic cross-clamp (T2) and at 6 (T3) ,12 (T4) and 24 h (T5) after operation for determination .The level of plasma cardiac troponin I (cTnI) ,creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) .Myocardial specimens were obtained from right auricle before aortic cross-clamping and after release of aortic cross-clamp to observe the pathologic changes ,the protein expression of p38 MAPK and phosphorylational-p38 MAPK that analyzed by western blotting .Cardiac index (CI) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured at 1st day before operation and 7th day after operation by using heart color ultrasonography .Results The levels of cTnI ,CK-MB and TNF-α were significantly lower at all time points in group L than in group C (P< 0 .05) .Myocardial mitochondrion impairment was lighter ,the expression of p38 MAPK and phosphorylational-p38 MAPK were significantly attenuated in group L than in group C (P< 0 .05) .CI and LVEF were significantly higher at 7th day after operation in group L than in group C(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Le-vocarnitine preconditioning can attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and recover cardiac function in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass ,the mechanism may be related to keep the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane and space structures , inhibit the expression of p38 MAPK and phosphorylational-p38 MAPK and decrease the inflammatory response .
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Objective To describe an ideal technique to repair full-thickness lower lid marginal defects in a one-stage procedure. Methods The buccal rotation flap and the nasal septal chondromucosal flap were used in one-stage operation to repair full-thickness lower eyelid defect. Results Eleven patients including 6 male patients and 5 female patients underwent lower eyelid reconstruction since January 2000.The age ranged from 29 to 64 years with average 43. Seven patients with full-thickness lower eyelid defect were caused by basal cell carcinoma excision, while four patients were caused by trauma. All the fullthickness lower eyelid defects were reconstructed by using the buccal rotation flap and the nasal septal chondromucosal flap in one-stage operation. All the flaps survived completely after operation. There were no other complications excepting that two patients developed to mild lower eyelid retration after six months. Conclusion The technique consisting of the buccal rotation flap and the nasal septal chondromucosal flap is a simple and useful alternative procedure to close full-thickness defects in the lower eyelid.
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@#Objective To prepare completely biological tissue-engineered small-diameter blood vessel based on a biological hybrid scaffold.MethodsEndothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were isolated from the porcine aorta and expanded in vitro. Mixture of smooth muscle cells and porcine fibrin was prayed coating on the decellularized canine carotid artery. Then, the inner surface of the decellularized artery was seeded with the endothelial cells to construction of completely biological tissue-engineered small-diameter blood vessel. The tissue-engineered blood vessel was evaluated with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and scanning electron microscopy.ResultsHistology examination revealed that the completely biological tissue-engineered small-diameter had intact media and intima. Scanning electron microscopy examination confirmed that the inner surface of tissue-engineered blood vessel was covered with intact monolayer endothelial cells and the external surface was covered with multilayer smooth muscle cells.ConclusionThe completely biological tissue-engineered small-diameter with intact media and intima was prepared using mixture of blood vessel cells and porcine fibrin on the decellularized canine carotid artery.
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@#Objective To prepare a completely biological hybrid scaffold for small-diameter vascular tissue engineering using porcine fibrin and decellularized canine carotid artery.MethodsPorcine fibrin was sprayed coating on the external surface of decellularized canine carotid artery to construct completely biological hybrid scaffold for small-diameter vascular tissue engineering. The completely biological hybrid scaffold was evaluated with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, scanning electron microscopy and biomechanics test.ResultsHistology examination revealed that the porcine fibrin was sprayed coating uniformly on the external surface of decellularized canine carotid artery. Scanning electron microscopy examination confirmed that the external surface of completely biological hybrid scaffold was smooth and uniformly. Compared with fresh canine carotid artery and decellularized artery, the biological hybrid scaffold had similar burst and breaking strength. Furthermore, compared with decellularized artery, the biological hybrid scaffold had higher compliance.ConclusionThe porcine fibrin was sprayed coating uniformly on the external surface of decellularized canine carotid artery to prepare a completely biological hybrid scaffold for small-diameter vascular tissue engineering. The biological hybrid scaffold had appropriate biomechanical properties and had potential to serve as scaffolds for small-diameter vascular tissue engineering.
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@#Objective To prepare the acellular carotid artery of adult pig using biotic enzymes for small-diameter vascular tissue-engineering scaffold.Methods Carotid artery of adult pig was removed cells by using Trypsin/EDTA,ribonuclease and desoxyribonuclease.Residual cellular composition was studied with quantitative DNA analysis and the Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E)staining.Extracellular matrix composition was evaluated with elastin van Gieson's(VG)staining and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Results Quantitative DNA analysis and H&E staining confirmed that carotid arteries were completely decellularized.Elastin van Gieson's staining demonstrated that elastin morphology appeared unchanged.Scanning electron microscopy examination of the acellular scaffolds revealed a well-oriented porous decellularized structure that maintained natural architecture of the aorta.Conclusion Carotid artery of adult pig rendered acellular with Trypsin/EDTA,ribonuclease and desoxyribonuclease has well-preserved extracellular matrix for vascular scaffold,which can be used as a scaffold for further small-diameter vascular tissue engineering.
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BACKGROUND: Reading disorder is the main obstacle in children, but its etiology and pathogenesis are still uncovered.OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between brain blood flow (BBF)and scores for children reading skill detecting test (CRSDT), in order to provide theoretical references for earlier intervention and functional monitoring for children with reading disorder(RD).DESIGN: Comparative observation study with RD children as subjects and normal children as controlSETTING: Nuclear medicine and psychological-health institute of a university.PARTICIPANTS: This study was carried out in Nuclear Medicine and Psychological-health Institute of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. Between August 1998 and August 1999, 25 children with RD were screened out from the students from grade 3 to grade 6 in two Changsha civic elementary schools, including 15 males and 10 females aged(10±1)teacher lasted for more than one year and began from the earlier stage of school age(before grade three), with their achievement ranked last or often failed in examinations, even stay in the same grade due to learning disorder;and teacher or investigation of their homework accorded to the ICD-10 didiseases. Meanwhile 20 healthy children with normal intelligence were randomly selected as control group from the same class of RD children,including 12 males and 8 females with age of (10 ± 1 )years.METHODS: Non blood sampling-SPECT images was used for detecting cerebral blood flow(CBF), as well as right and left CBF and regional CBF (rCBF) of both RD children and normal controls. Rough scores for CRSDT were obtained for analyzing the relationship between it and CBF.group .RESULTS: CBF was(388.7 ± 37.7) μL/g per minute in RD group obviously lower than(436.5 ± 26.4) μL/g per minute in control gruop( t = 2. 820, P ＜ 0.01 ) ;The distribution frequency of regions with obviously decreased rCBF ranked as follows: frontal lobe, occipital lobe ＞ parietal-occipital boundary ＞ temporal lobe ＞ parietal lobe ＞ thalamus ＞ other regions(cerebellum,brain stem and basal ganglion) in RD children; moreover rough scores for reading skill was found positively correlated with CBF in RD group( r = 0.651,P ＜0.05).CONCLUSION: CBF was proved decreased in children with RD, and CBF obtained by SPECT image and CRSDT can be used for reflecting the severity of disease and brain function, expecting to improve their long-term life quality of RD children by earlier intervention.